Martinus Nijhoff Online

 Beyond Victor's Justice? The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Revisited

Contents

• • Preliminary Material (i-xxxii)   (201K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Table Of Contents
    • Foreword By Sir Gerard Brennan
    • Note On Language
    • Note On The Use Of The Apostrophe In The Title And Elsewhere
    • Notes On Contributors
    • Editors’ Preface
  • The Tokyo Trial: Humanity’s Justice V Victors’ Justice (1-22) by Fujita Hisakazu   (171K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction: Why We Must Reconsider The Tokyo Trial
    • II. The Significance Of Studies Of The Tokyo Trial Today
    • III. Summary Of The Tokyo Trial
    • IV. Judgment
    • V. Several Disputed Points From The Perspective Of International Law
    • VI. Conventional War Crimes And Crimes Against Humanity
    • VII. Japanese Perspectives On The Tokyo Trial And Its Judgment (Before And After The Treaty Of Peace With Japan)
    • VIII. Trends In The Research Of The Tokyo Trial In Japan
    • IX. Reparation Lawsuits In Japan
    • X. Concluding Remarks
  • Writing The Tokyo Trial (23-34) by Gerry Simpson   (116K)
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    • I. Versailles, 1919: The Japanese Memorandum Of Reservations
    • II. Calcutta, 1955: Justice Pal’s Dissent
    • III. Princeton, 1971: Minear And Victors’ Justice
    • IV. Melbourne, 2008: Complicating Narratives Of The Tokyo Trial
  • Japanese Societal Attitude Towards The Tokyo Trial: From A Contemporary Perspective (35-54) by Madoka Futamura   (154K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Original Reactions To The Tokyo Trial
    • III. General Apathy And Debates Surrounding The Tokyo Trial
    • IV. The Rise Of Public Interest In The Tokyo Trial: The First Wave
    • V. The Tokyo Trial And A Sense Of History: The Second Wave Of Societal Interest
    • VI. The Tokyo Trial And The Responsibility Of War: The Third Wave Of Societal Interest?
    • VII. Conclusion
  • Selecting Defendants At The Tokyo Trial (55-62) by Awaya Kentarō   (86K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Initial Investigations
    • III. Selecting The Defendants
    • IV. Finalising The Indictment
    • V. Remaining ‘Class A’ War Criminals
  • The Decision Not To Prosecute The Emperor (63-78) by Yoriko Otomo   (143K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. The Unrepentant Sovereign
    • III. A Lovers’ Discourse
    • IV. Recognition In An International Order
  • Justice Northcroft (New Zealand) (79-92) by Ann Trotter   (117K)
  • Justice Bernard (France) (93-102) by Mickaël Ho Foui Sang   (105K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. An Engaged Magistracy
    • III. The Appointment Of Justice Henri Bernard To The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal
    • IV. A Disapproval In The Form Of A Dissenting Opinion
  • Justice Patrick (United Kingdom) (103-108) by Lord Bonomy   (79K)
  • Justice Röling (The Netherlands) (109-126) by Robert Cryer   (146K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Röling In Tokyo: A Dignified Dissenter
    • II. Röling On Jurisdiction
    • III. Röling On Crimes Against Peace
    • IV. Röling On The Murder Charges
    • V. Röling On War Crimes
    • VI. Röling On The Facts
    • VII. After The Trial
    • VIII. Conclusion
  • Justice Pal (India) (127-144) by Nakajima Takeshi   (129K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. The Dissenting Opinion Of Justice Pal And Historical Revisionism In Post-War Japan
    • II. Theory Of Justice Pal’s Dissenting Opinion
    • III. Justice Pal’s View On History And His Opinion On Legislation
    • IV. Justice Pal’s Thoughts
    • V. Misappropriation Of Justice Pal’s Dissenting Opinion By Historical Revisionists
  • The Case Against The Accused (145-162) by Yuma Totani   (126K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. From Arrest To Judgment: Crimes Against Peace
    • III. War Crimes Prosecution: Challenges And Outcomes
    • IV. Concluding Remarks
  • Command Responsibility For The Failure To Stop Atrocities: The Legacy Of The Tokyo Trial (163-174) by Gideon Boas   (118K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Command Responsibility
    • III. The Tokyo Trial And Command Responsibility
    • IV. The Subordinate-Superior Relationship Element
    • V. Historical Evolution Of The Mental Element
    • VI. The ‘Necessary And Reasonable Measures’ Element
    • VII. Continuing Confusion In Command Responsibility In Modern International Criminal Law
    • VIII. Conclusion
  • Reasons For The Failure To Prosecute Unit 731 And Its Significance (175-206) by Tsuneishi Kei-ichi   (183K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. An Overview Of Unit 731
    • III. Investigations By The United States In The Post-War Period
  • The Legacy Of The Tokyo Trial In China (207-226) by Bing Bing Jia   (163K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. The Generally Positive Reception Of The Tokyo Trial In China
    • III. The Criticisms
    • IV. The Trials By Chinese Military Tribunals
    • V. Two Remaining Problems
    • VI. Remarks
  • Forgotten Victims, Forgotten Defendants (227-240) by The Hon O-Gon Kwon   (138K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Korea Under The Colonial Governance Of Japan
    • III. Problems Of The Tokyo Trial: A Korean Perspective
    • IV. Forgotten Defendants
  • Knowledge And Responsibility: The Ongoing Consequences Of Failing To Give Sufficient Attention To The Crimes Against The Comfort Women In The Tokyo Trial (241-262) by Ustinia Dolgopol   (166K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. The Tokyo Tribunal
    • III. The Former Yugoslavia
    • IV. Some Brief Words About The ICC
    • V. Conclusion
  • Silence As Collective Memory: Sexual Violence And The Tokyo Trial (263-282) by Nicola Henry   (167K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Prosecuting Rape Crimes At The Tokyo Trial
    • III. The Silent Witness And The Politics Of The Tokyo Tribunal
    • IV. The Public/Private Status Of Wartime Rape And Legal Discourse
    • V. Legacies Of Silence: History On Trial
    • VI. Conclusion
  • Women’s Bodies And International Criminal Law: From Tokyo To Rabaul (283-290) by Helen Durham and Narrelle Morris   (97K)
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    • I. The Australian Experience
  • The Atomic Bombing, The Tokyo Tribunal And The Shimoda Case: Lessons For Anti-Nuclear Legal Movements (291-310) by Yuki Tanaka   (139K)
    • Jump to section:
    • I. The War Crimes Trials And The Issue Of Indiscriminate Bombing
    • II. Okamoto’s Struggle For Justice For The Victims Of The Atomic Bombings
    • III. Damage Caused By The Atomic Bombings
    • IV. The Argument Of The Plaintiffs
    • V. The Argument Of The Government
    • VI. Lessons From The Judgment
  • The Firebombing Of Tokyo And Other Japanese Cities (311-322) by Ian Henderson   (114K)
  • Punishing Japan’s ‘Opium War-Making’ In China: The Relationship Between Transnational Crime And Aggression At The Tokyo Tribunal (323-350) by Neil Boister   (193K)
    • Jump to section:
    • Introduction
    • I. The Tokyo Tribunal On Japan’s Drug Policy In China
    • II. Japan’s Drug Policy In China: A Brief Review Of The Main Factual Findings
    • III. An Examination Of The Tokyo Tribunal’s Legal Analysis
    • IV. The Tokyo Tribunal’s Moral Condemnation Of Japan
    • V. Reflections On Normative Overlap Between Core And Treaty Crimes In The Light Of The Tokyo Tribunal’s Analysis Of Japan’s Drug Policy In China
    • Conclusion
  • Tokyo’s Continuing Relevance (351-382) by Sarah Finnin and Tim McCormack   (196K)
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    • I. Inherent Selectivity In Drawing Lessons From Tokyo
    • II. Conspiracy
    • III. The Centrality Of Key Personnel In The Trial Process
    • IV. Conclusion
  • Index (383-404)   (178K)